Presentation about your role as an Accountant Speech or

About your role as an Accountant - Speech or Presentation Example Controversial, because I am sure one way or another you have heard the recent news of financial scandals and crisis which was also brought by this profession. To give you a brief synopsis of the objective or what an Accountant does, it â€Å"is to record, classify, summarize, and interpret the transactions of an [business] entityâ€Å"(Brewer, 2009, pg. 96). While this function may sound simple in text, the implication of it however is quite complex because ultimately,†the objective of financial accounting was to provide information useful in economic decision making† (Brewer et al, 2004, pg. 15). Through accounting, an entity is able to determine its financial position by recording all the transactions incurred in a given period, classify and summarize it to be used in making a rationale economic decision. The tool that is usually used for making that rationale economic decision is called Financial Statements. This is basically a written report that describes the econo mic well being of a business entity which comes in the form of Income Statement, Balance Sheets and Cash Flow. Income Statement simply tells whether a business entity is earning or not. In a smaller scale, the income statement shows how much you spend compared to what you earned and if there is anything left for profit or savings. Balance sheet on the other hand summarizes the business entity’s assets, liabilities and capital for a given period. Simply, it’s a summary of what you have and what you owe and how much you and your investors have invested in the business entity while Cash Flow shows how much money was used and generated by business entity in a given period. Common terms used that may sound complex but really meant simply are words like assets which simply means what the business entity owns, liability which means what the company owes. While this may sound simple, the entire process of recording, classifying, summarizing and interpreting can get complicated especially if the organization is big for it involves a lot of transactions to consider for accounting reporting. In a small business, this can also be taxing especially if this entire accounting process is done by a single person compared to an entire department of a corporation. Such, technology can get handy in aiding a small business in its various Accounting Operation such as having a software that helps track employee’s wages, outgoing expenses with vendors and tracking the day-to-day operation of the business whether it is earning or not. This gives the business owner a hindsight about his business’ financial progress and is able to make necessary adjustments to enhance his profitability i.e. streamlining expenses and reduce unnecessary expenditures. By having this accounting facility within the small business, the owner may not have to retain an Accountant, except on the occasion of filing of taxes which could save him cost. If you noticed, the profession of A ccounting involves money. Not only that the Accountant is responsible for handling the resources of a business entity, he is also responsible for the factual and accurate reporting of it. This is important because the public relies on this information whether they will put in their money for investment in that company or not. Such, the Accounting profession demands the highest ethical standard because when this function is

Long Key Pine Rocklands Habitat Essay Example for Free

Long Key Pine Rocklands Habitat Essay Visiting the Everglades National Park’s Long Pine Key Rockland Habitat, I felt like one of the billions of people on earth right now that are tired of their hustle and bustle lifestyles albeit addicted to them. Like those people, I have a daily schedule that leaves me little or no time to consider visits to beautiful places such as the Pine Key Rockland Habitat on a regular basis. We make plans to take vacations, and we watch television as though it is a necessity. But, the Long Pine Key Rockland Habitat reminds me that there is much more to real life than we imagine we have the time to dwell on. What if all of us talked about pine rocklands and other marvels of nature on a daily basis – leaving our toxic thoughts about people and situations behind? Life, I believe, would be far more pleasant if we only took the time to experience change within ourselves. Indeed, the Pine Key Rockland Habitat did not only inspire calmness in me but also encouraged me to discuss my thoughts on modification of mindsets with close friends. I believe that the fresh air of the Pine Key Rockland is mind altering especially if we have spent too long a while in a cluttered region of the world. People throng cities to raise their standards of living and compete to purchase new technologies not only to raise their standards of living further but also to show off. Yet, places that take us back to our roots as human beings continue to beckon us home. ‘There is much more to life,’ they inform us. ‘Instead of trying to be like everybody else, take your time to visit such places in order to reconnect with your roots and become original in your thinking. ’ I felt that the Long Pine Key Rockland Habitat was communicating with me thus. I wrote a poem along these lines because poetry allows me to express my most important thoughts in a few words. Use of many words reminds of noisiness and even noise pollution associated with our hustle and bustle lifestyles. Poetry, on the other hand, takes me back to the Pine Key Rockland Habitat with its aura of calm. My poem about Pine Rocklands is a sonnet, â€Å"A Picture of the Earth As Seen from Outer Space. † I chose the sonnet form because it is convenient to use. This style of poetry is traditionally used for songs of love. Because love was an essential feeling for me to feel toward the Pine Rocklands as they took me beyond the tense hustle and bustle lifestyle to soothe my nerves, the sonnet form was appropriate to use. The sonnet is about reconnecting with all that remains glorious on the earth at a time when humans develop complicated machinery to leave it. After careful studies, scientists conclude that they are still unable to find habitable places like earth beyond earth. Earth remains as home and life on it is not never-ending. Thus, the poem has the Long Pine Key Rocklands Habitat telling the individual with more on his hands than he can manage to take a break and return to his roots in his thinking. It is a given that the reader, as though traveling beyond earth on a complex piece of machinery, cannot give up on his hustle and bustle lifestyle completely to return to life in a forest. The Pine Rocklands understand this, which is why they advise the reader to approach it for greater knowledge than before instead of entirely disregarding it. Humans did not have to create the Pine Rocklands, so therefore gaining knowledge through the ecosystem is easier than developing machinery to leave the earth. Like a rocket in space, the Pine Rocklands are known to burn in order to maintain themselves. The main difference between the two is the following: space ships remind us of man’s ingenuity while pine rocklands remind us of God, the creator of marvels of nature. In a dog eat dog world, I believe it is necessary to remember God so as to be well-behaved and advise others to be so, too. Although my poem, â€Å"A Picture of the Earth As Seen from Outer Space† does not reflect on God, it clearly defines the differences between God-made technology, which is the Pine Rocklands, and man-made technology, that is, the space ship that human beings seem to have escaped on. The space ship is a metaphor for our hustle and bustle lifestyles. Because the Long Pine Key Rocklands burn in order to sustain themselves, the metaphor was useful. But the main facet of the Pine Rocklands discussed in this poem is their appearance as a wonder of nature untouched by the hustle and bustle lifestyle of modern people. The Pine Rocklands are not only worth visiting but also remembering through photographs and pictures we save in our memory banks. Moreover, they offer an overabundance of knowledge. This, too, is touched upon in the poem. After all, scientists may study biodiversity in the Pine Rocklands just as well as psychologists may conduct research on relaxation there and seekers of truth may ask for reasons behind things within themselves or from God. What is more, the Pine Rocklands of the Everglades National Park are not the only place on earth to define as â€Å"A Picture of the Earth As Seen from Outer Space† in the context of the poem. Fortunately, our earth has plenty of such marvelous places to visit and refresh our minds. Thus, this poem may be edited to include names of all pine rocklands on earth. The earth has a furnace within, that is, the molten magma in its core. For this reason, I believe it could apply to all marvels of nature on earth regardless of whether they are pine rocklands or other ecosystems. Only the names may change. The fact that countless people of the world need to connect to the environment at this point in time – especially because of the dangers their hustle and bustle lifestyles pose to the ecosystem – remains unchanged. A Picture of the Earth As Seen from Outer Space We have left it to go onward, Though earth remains home, beckoning Us: Defying gravity, bird In the sky, o space ship, coming Home would be far more interesting! I am the Pine Rocklands, I too Burn to stay alive, as giving Of knowledge – I am homelike too! Get down, come back, do not attempt More than you can handle, return To refresh your eyes, I have bent Down before you. Simply return Home. Live with me, watch me from a distance; There is no place like home, with your presence.

Research Strategy Justification Of Methodology Psychology Essay

Research Strategy Justification Of Methodology Psychology Essay The following chapter initially provides a brief insight by discussing few research approaches and philosophies, which were considered during the literature review. The second section of the chapter will compare different research methodologies. Different opinions from writers are presented and critically compared to provide the reader with sound knowledge about quantitative, qualitative and mixed methodologies. This is followed by the justification of the specific methodology, which will be used in-order to investigate the specific case study. In the middle part of the chapter, research strategy, research design, the sample size of the research, rejected methods and procedures will be discussed followed by the selection of specific research method to collect information from the FLMs in focus group and HR manager is discussed in-detail. The next part of the research is to discuss how to ensure validity of data. Validity and reliability of data is very essential of any research. Data collected from multiple sources can be cross-referenced to ensure the research is valid. At the end of the chapter limitation of the research will be discussed followed by ethical issues, which will be considered during the extensive research. 3.2 Research Philosophies In the following section different research approaches and philosophies are discussed which were considered during the detail literature review. First of the approach considered was the epistemological approach which is a part of philosophy that asks questions such as what can we know? or what can we be sure of? and questions such as How do we get beyond opinions and data to the real facts and knowledge?. The realistic objectivity is based around what is know about the HR function in the specific case study, its strategy, formal structure and systems that managers have to work within and what could be considered as constants. The subjective entities of the conceptual framework i.e capacity development, mentoring, support and coaching mechanism, overall involvement in the policy and procedures formulation and handling difficult issues related to grievance disciplinary and sickness absenteeism policies that are not easy to measure and are not fixed or constant. They can only be fully understood through interpretivist means as this part of the conceptual framework assumes that reality isnt always observable and in this instance that is very much dependant on the human relationships between HR advisors, FLMs and managed staff. Using the approach HR and devolution of role to FLM can be implemented in the specific case study and different stakeholders can interpret the actual HR role and responsibilities that it contains, in different ways i.e. it is more subjective by nature. 3.3 Comparison between Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method According to (Denzin, Norman K. Lincoln, Yvonna S. (Eds.). (2005) in social sciences quantitative research is often contrasted with qualitative research which is the examination, analysis and interpretation of observations for the purpose of discovering underlying meanings and patterns of relationships. The qualitative research doesnt involve mathematical models although, it has been argued again and again that the two go hand in hand. Some writers always argue that there was a disagreement about the proper place of qualitative versus quantitative research. The new method of qualitative research evolved to address the perceived problems with reliability and imprecise modes of data analysis. Both the research methodologies have a different assumption about the world. According to (Taylor Bogdan, 1984) Quantitative research is based on a positivist philosophy, which assumes that there are social facts with an objective reality apart from the beliefs of individuals. Qualitative resear ch is rooted in a phenomenological paradigm, which holds that reality is socially constructed through individual or collective definitions of the situation. The second major comparison between both the approaches was done perfectly by (Richard Cook, 2003) where the writers explains that quantitative study portrays a world of variables and static states whereas qualitative study describes people acting in events or a program. The writer gave an example of how director tells using hiring interviews to encourage staff to actively sell services or an informant tells about the political battles that led to the legislation governing sales. The writer further argues that differences presented between qualitative and quantitative studies having different descriptive strengths. The quantitative study assesses the magnitude of relationships more precisely. One can say rather clearly that 61% of the variance in student learning is explained. The qualitative study concludes with more ambiguous statements like strong leadership is necessary, but not sufficient for excellence. The author further highlights the issues of approach regarding these research methodologies where the quantitative researcher typically employs experimental or correlational designs to reduce error, bias, and other noise that keeps one from clearly perceiving social facts. The prototypical qualitative study is the ethnography, which helps the reader understand the definitions of the situation of those, studied. The author investigate the issue of purpose regarding the research methodologies where quantitative research seeks to explain the causes of changes in social facts, primarily through objective measurement and quantitative analysis. Qualitative research is more concerned with understanding the issue and viewpoints. (Lindlof, T. R., Taylor, B. C. 2002) emphasis that quantitative study persuades by de-emphasizing individual judgment and stressing the use of established procedures. While the lang uage of hypothesis testing is avoided, the impression is given that the whole study is a disciplined exploration of a pre-existing conceptual framework where is qualitative study there is less attention is given to describing procedures and how individual judgment is disciplined in the qualitative study. The study is presented as frankly exploratory. The strategy is one of comparing pairs of agencies known to be different in order to discover what might explain those differences. The search is not described as strongly controlled by pre-existing theory. There is no preliminary model. Instead, reference to past research is incorporated into the presentation of findings. Quantitative research designs are characterized by the assumption that data, evidence, and rational considerations shape knowledge (Horna, 1994). Qualitative research designs are those that are associated with interpretative approaches, from the informants point of view, rather than ethically measuring discrete, observable behavior (Jones, 1997). Neither quantitative, nor qualitative method, however, is superior over the other, for each has its own strengths and weaknesses, especially when considered in relation to a particular problem. (Halfpenny, 1994) however, mentions that there is some polarity between the two methods; where quantitative approach is described as hard, objective and rigorous; the other is considered to be soft, subjective and speculative. At the same time, many researchers have shown that both the approaches may complement each other (Burgess, 1984) and may be integrated in the practice of social research. Mixed methods research has thus come of age (Creswell, 2002). The most widely used term given to the concept, encompassing use of more than one method employed within one piece of research, is triangulation between methods (Creswell 2002). Whilst not arguing for a hierarchy of research methods, this third way, the mixed methodology, provides even greater strengths to the researcher, and may enhance both the quality and the perception by others, of the research. The study involved both secondary as well as primary research and concurrent triangulation approach can be adopted. It is useful as a model when a researcher uses two different methods in an attempt to confirm, cross-validate, or corroborate findings within a single study (Creswell, 2002). Creswell also emphasizes that this model generally uses separate quantitative and qualitative methods as a means to offset the weaknesses inherent within one method with the strengths of the other method. 3.4 Research Strategy: Justification of Methodology The study is an effort to explore the barriers preventing successful devolvement of Human Resource Management to First Line Manager in specific case study (in Pakistan Textile Industry). The research will provide analogy by comparing the views and experiences of FLMs against the HR Manager to identify the key barrier that are preventing successful devolvement of Human Resource Management to the Front Line Manager. The study also provides a constructive conclusion on the impact of devolved Human Resource on the FLMs and the organisation itself. The methodology, which will be employed, in this research will draw the existing knowledge, utilising the conceptual model and the most crucial is the researchers experience working in this textile industry will be very useful. Still there will be questions which will still need more detail answers so open semi structure interview will be used that will be directed towards the FLMs (See Appendix B:I for semi-structure interview). After the data is collected from FLMs, the semi-structure interview will be conducted (asking the same set of questions) with the HR manager to compare the views and experiences so that we can identify the key barriers that are preventing successful devolution of human resources responsibilities to the FLMs (See Appendix B:I). This approach will collect information qualitative in nature, rather than any numerical collection of data or explanation based on the attributes of the graph or source of data. As reinforced by (Guba, E. G., Lincoln, Y. S. 2005) Qualitative research is often used for policy and current working procedures since it can answer certain important questions more efficiently and effectively than quantitative approaches. Qualitative approaches have the advantage of allowing for more diversity in responses as well as the capacity to adapt to new developments or issues during the research process itself so it would be more suitable to use in the research project to investigate the current problem. So qualitative methodology would be more suitable as reinforced by (Richard Cook, 2003) where author highlights the difference between two methodologies where the quantitative researcher typically employs experimental or correlational designs to reduce error, bias, and other noise that keeps one f rom clearly perceiving social facts. The prototypical qualitative study is the ethnography, which helps the reader understand the definitions of the situation of those, studied. The qualitative study is more concerned with the understanding of the issues and viewpoints of the people and issues related to them. The study is based on the specific case study (in Pakistan Textile Industry). According to (Fisher, 2007), case study approach will enable a holistic account of the subject, which will help to investigate and explore relationships between the experiences of FLMs against the HR Manager. The study will try to answer the questions whether the expectation from different stakeholders was expectable and justifiable? What are issues related to the devolution of HR responsibilities to FLMs? Did both the main stakeholder agreed or disagreed on the key barriers to the successful devolvement of HR responsibilities to FLMs? Were key players able to carry out their duties due to these barriers? What were the underlying reasons if there are any key barriers to the successful devolution of HR responsibilities. This is particularly the case for understanding how and why certain outcomes were achieved (not just what was achieved) but also answering important questions about the functions and procedures of HR and their relationship with the FLMs. Also to explore the impact on FLMs being able to take HR role effectively, and identifying the key barriers in the overall devolvement of HR. This will be achieved by using semi-structure interviews from the FLMs. These types of research can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, many fields of research employ qualitative techniques that have been specifically developed to provide more succinct, cost-efficient and timely results. For this research, a specific case study is used which provide a single case holistic approach. The research is focused on investigating the barriers preventing successful devolvement of Human Resource Management to First Line Manager in specific case study (in Pakistan Textile Industry). The other major reason of using the specific case study is, that we can collect multiple views from different stakeholders, which are involved in the organisation. The multiple views from different FLMs and HR manager can give a detailed insight about the organisation and allow the researcher to understand fully the issues related to the research topic. The research focus on the FLMs only not the staff and would like to investigate the barriers to the effective HR devolvement . One more key benefit of using the case study is that it provides easy approach to the FLMs to get their opinion and then to broaden the knowledge after the semi-structure interviews then involve the experiences of HR manager with the semi-structure interview to understand the underlying key issues and barriers that are effecting the overall successful devolution process. The main drawback with a single case study is that it doesnt allow any sort of comparison or critical evaluation of responses from other research case. This can be limited if the research wants to draw conclusion from another case study. 3.5 Research Strategy for the Specific Case Study The following section will discuss the strategy and analysis process that has been formulated and will be used in the research. The analysis process describes the basic elements of data analysis and interpretation and its fluid. First of the research is based on a specific case study which will provide a holistic account of the issues related. The case study approach will allow to understand the overall situation and have a sound knowledge how these entities interact with each other and their relationship. To gain detail understanding of all the issues around the devolvement of HR this can only be achieved using semi-structured interviews and qualitative questionnaires due to time constraints and the limited access time to FLMs working for the case study. The research is not looking to compare the individual FLMs against each other or compare different departments against each other. The main focus of the study is to consider FLMs as a single entity or element and identify and explor e the barrier in the overall devolvement process. Then HR Manager will be asked about the key barriers that are affecting the devolution of HR responsibilities to FLMs. These difference of experiences and opinion will be compared and contrasted to find the problem. The good analysis of data depends completely on understanding the data that has been gathered and having in-depth knowledge about the issues related to the problem that is being investigated. During the qualitative analysis the data gathered should be studied in-detail and also any noticeable impression should be recorded which can be further investigated from different focus groups of FLMs. The focus should be on the quality of data because sometimes information provided doesnt add any meaning or value. The process of detailed evaluation and analysis will lead to what you want to find out. This will identify few key questions that you want your analysis of the research to answer. This will be noted and help to decide how to begin. The key questions can change but the focus will be maintained. In this approach the focus will be to analyze how individuals or focused group responded to the open ended questions. This stage will be crucial because all the responses will be collected in o rder to identify the consistency and differences. The data from each question will be put together. Then the researcher will explore the connection and relationships between questions and their responses collected. During different research various methods are used to categorize information such as coding the data or indexing the data. To bring the real meaning to the data collected different key themes or pattern will be organized based on ideas, concepts, behaviours, interactions or key phrases. Then organisation into coherent categories will be summarized and bring meaning to the text. This process can be very time consuming and labour intensive depending on the amount of data that will be collected. The process has to be thorough and the data collected will be re-read multiple times to identify the coherent categories or key themes. The key themes will get the focus of the study and areas that need further investigation. In the research using the preconceived themes or categorie s, you read through the text and find the themes or issues that recur in the data. This approach allows the categories to emerge from the data. These categories or key themes are defined after you have worked with the data or as result of working with data. The initial list of categories can change as you work with the data and investigate further. This is an iterative process and some new themes can emerge or different subcategories can emerge to get the focus. As you are organizing the data into different key themes and categories either by the questions you will begin to see the key pattern and connections both within and between the key themes. Assessing the relative importance of different themes will be crucial for the analysis of data. To identify which categories appear to be more important, you can count the number of times particular themes comes up, or the number of unique respondents who refer to certain themes. These count can provide a very rough estimation of relative importance of key themes. Also during the analysis of data you can find that two or more themes that can occur together consistently in the data. When one theme is found the other appears automatically. It can be cause and effect relationship or create sequence through time. For example, respondents may link that the barriers to successful devolution to HR are because of certain reason whereas another focus group repeat the same shows the cause effect relationshi p. These connections if identified are important to look for, because they can explain why something is happening and helps to identify the problem and better understanding of the underlying issues. Then the researcher should ask himself how do things relate with each other? What are the key themes and what relationship they have with each other? What can be other factors that may contribute? Then they key themes and connections will explain the findings. The researcher will avoid to get side tracked by the details and the rich description in the data and focus on the important issues and key relationships that are being investigated in the research. The interpretation of data will take place provide meaning and significance to the analysis of data. The good place to initiate is to develop a list of key points or important findings that will be discovered as a result of categorisation of key themes and sorting the data. Then the next phase of analysis of data is to stand back and th ink about what you have learned. What are the major lessons? What new things that have been learnt due to the process? In the final part of the analysis development of an outline presenting the results and writing the final report. The report can include quotes or descriptive examples to illustrates the points and bring the data to real existence. The length and format of the report will depend on the target audience. Sometimes to support the description of the information different diagrams with boxes and arrows can fit all the pieces together. By creating models may reveal gaps in your investigation and connection that remain unclear. These areas can be investigated for further study. 3.6 Selection of Research Methods In-order to investigate the study; research methods, which will be used, are as follows for Initially semi-structured interviews with focus groups of FLMs will be conducted. The semi-structure interviews via a series of three focus group (4 FLMs in each focus group. Total 12 FLMs). Each semi-structure interview with each of the focus group is designed to last for 90 minutes and will take place on 24/1/2012, 26/01/2012, 30/1/2012 FLMs are selected from different departments with wide range of experiences and different level of qualifications. 3 out 12 FLMs have university qualification whereas the remaining FLMs have basic college qualification. The semi-structure interview will be conducted at the premises of the Specific case study. During the semi-structure interview the key areas that need further explanation will be highlighted and asked from different focus group to get their opinion. Also opinion from the HR Manager will be collected as well. The themes needing further explanation telephonic interviews and emails will be used To compare and contrast the view, semi-structure interview will be conducted with the HR Manager. The same set of questions related to key themes will be asked from the HR Manager to present the finding (took place 08/02/2012). The Interview with the HR Manager is designed to last not more than 2 hours. Open Ended questions will be asked at the start of the investigation phase so that participants can feel relax. Documentation related to case study HR policies and structures will be reviewed. FLM job role will be reviewed to find out what they prefer to do Different authors and writes agree in the literature that using semi-structure interview would allow in the future to investigate more areas as they gather probing replies. This was reinforced by (Maxwell and Farquharson, 2007) semi- structure interview offer consistency in lines of enquiry with the ability to offer opportunities for further probing responses. The methods have been deployed in different researches and have earned credibility in different qualitative research. To ensure credibility of the research and data which is collected, is verified using different multiple methods and sources are used. These multiple methods will allow triangulating of the facts, which have been gathered. In the study the data from the previous chapter in the literature review will be compared against the focus group (FLMs) semi-structure interview data and further consolidated and checked during semi structure interview with HR managers responses. This will ensure all facts gathered are authent ic and valid. In-order to receive a detail feedback from the semi-structure interviews open-ended questions will be used rather than closed ended. Also using focused group will encourage all the participants to think about different emerging themes discussed and it will build on relevant themes. To follow up on different themes and issues raised during the focus group, will be investigated further with the senior HR manager. The interview will be based on issues surrounding devolved HR, and what have arisen from the interviews with FLMs. 3.7 Research Design Procedures. The aim of the study is to explore the barriers preventing successful devolvement of Human Resource Management to First Line Manager in specific case study (in Pakistan Textile Industry), which shouldnt be ignored while designing the open-ended question for semi-structure interviews. The questions were considered from a range of themes relating to the conceptual model, which was formed out of literature review. The semi-structure interviews via a series of three focus group (4 FLMs in each focus group. Total 12 FLMs). These Front Line Managers comes from different departments from the same case study. To break the barrier between the researcher and the focus group, initially during the semi-structure broad questions about the specific case study HR functions, its polices and structures will be asked and what issues they think are the barrier to successful devolvement of HR responsibilities to the FLMs. These broad and generic questions will make respondents comfortable and encourage them to engage with the overall research process. After the initial engagement then the second set of questions will be more focused around specific hard and soft elements of HR. The information collected from the FLMs focus group and themes emerging will be further investigated, compared by conducting semi-structure interview with the HR manager. The interview questions from HR manager will be the same set of questions so that experiences from all stakeholders can be compared against each other. This would be a very important opportunity to fill any gaps and press the HR managers to answer all those queries in-detail. 3.8 Rejected Approaches The following section of the study will provide the reasoning and justifications why different research approaches were rejected. The section will briefly highlight the reasons of the rejection and why a specific approach was not deemed appropriate to be used in the research for the specific case study. At the initial stages of the research, all different types of research methods as identified in both Saunders (2009) and Fisher (2007) were critical evaluated and considered but they were rejected due to certain reasons. Ground Theory was not a viable option and it was rejected because it attempts to theorise peoples subjective understanding of their world, and researchers look for these themes in interviews and observations (Fisher, 2007). According to (Glaser Strauss, 1967 and Strauss Corbin, 1990), the theory is developed inductively from a corpus of data. According to the authors if done well, this means that the resulting theory at least fits one dataset perfectly. It works in a reverse fashion as compared to traditional research and it appears at the start that its in contradiction to the scientific methods. Rather than begin with a hypothesis, the first step is data collection, through a variety of methods. From the data collected, the key points are marked with a series of codes, which are extracted from the text. The Ground Theory believe that academic understanding only arises from what the research itself tells us i.e. it is emerging theory and not based on theories chosen in-advance of the research established. This approach is not appropriate for the research for the specific case study as in the study there is a research question with set aim and objectives to be achieved and the approach will not be appropriate to be used. Whereas Action Research was rejected simply because of its explicit focus on actions, learning by doing things or a group of people identify a problems and do something to resolve it and in particular it promotes the change process, that was not the purpose of this research. The Experiment research method was rejected; as they are more align towards scientific objective studies or scientific invention. The Experiment Research is a scientific approach, which manipulates one or more variables, controls and measures any change in other variables. The approach is not suitable for the current specific case study, as it doesnt have relations with the variables or scientific objective studies. Whereas Survey Research method needs a much larger sample size. Also the research would require the use of questionnaires that would be central to being deployed, neither of which were considered appropriate because the researcher didnt want those being interviewed to be aware of any detail of what they would be asked other than them knowing that the research was in relation to HR devolvement only. The main aim of the research was to get the real answers and positions, which they didnt think would be possible with these approaches. The other two rejected methods Ethnograp hy and Archival Research were deemed to be too costly and time consuming and were not considered appropriate for research within the resources available. 3.9 Ensuring Validity, and Reliability Validity and reliability of data is very essential of any research. Data collected from multiple sources can be cross-referenced to ensure the research is valid. In the study to ensure that reliability and validity of the data collected using semi-structured interview will be further validated by structure interviews. So for this case study, the literature review has been used to highlight the major theme for open-ended questions for the qualitative semi-structure interviews. Then the outcomes from these focus group semi-structure interviews will have emerging areas and queries, which need further explanation. This can be done by designing structure interview, which are directed towards the HR senior manager who will provide further explanation. By verifying the data collected from the research it will enable the researcher to discover whether the qualitative data collected from the focus groups is telling them what they think is correct or need further explanation. 3.11 Limitation of Research This study has some limitation. There is less number of respondents available for carrying out the research. The sample size of the study is small. The time is another factors which is the limitation to carry out details research. 3.12 A consideration of any ethical or professional issues raised by your proposals. In the project choosing participants with various experiences increases the possibility of shedding light on the research question from a variety of aspects. So it would be very beneficial to involve staff member who have more experience, which can provide insight to the problems faced by textile industry. The other major professional issue, which is raised due to the research project, is the aspect of interpretation of text, which will be gathered during the interview process. According to (Patton, 1990) the text can involve multiple meanings and the researchers interpretation is influenced by his or her personal history. Since the researcher is often the one who collects the data as well as the one who performs the analysis, the question of the researchers qualifications, training and experiences is important. During the research perform a balancing act with interpretation of data. On one hand, it is impossible and undesirable for the researcher not to add a particular perspective to the phenomena under study. On the other hand, the researcher must let the text talk and not impute meaning that is not there. These issues will be considered while carrying out the research process. 3.13 SUMMARY This chapter presents a helicopter view of the research methodology used for the completion of this study. The chapter further elaborates research approach and strategy undertaken for the completion of this project. The study also highlights different data collection method used for the conduction of the research. Further more, this section also describes the analysis methodology for descriptive and qualitative research technique. Finally, the chapter also describes the limitations of the research. The next chapter will be Presentation analysis, which will present the finding of the research. Different questions will be asked in-order to investigate the problem further and the chapter will give insight to the problems and challenges faced by the industry.

Bilingual Education Essay -- Teaching Education

Bilingual Education Our school systems play host to dozens of languages in addition to the standard fare of English. Starting in the late 1960s, partially as a swing off the Civil Rights Movement, school systems were required by law to provide bilingual education anytime twenty or more children spoke the same foreign language, and were found to be limited in their English proficiency. At first, the need for such programs was small, but over time it has been steadily increasing until now where the need has reached what many consider to be massive. In recent years, the population of the United States has exploded with many non-English speaking students, making the need for bilingual education more urgent. Although this amount is growing yearly, it is inadequate to provide the much needed instruction for this special subset of children. Bilingual education is a must if children are to succeed in the academic environment and in becoming productive adults. Numerous researchers have reported a correlation between a student’s world experience and their level of reading comprehension. Often times stories and reading material are written from a largely white perspective and this results in less overall comprehension and poor reading scores especially for the Limited English Proficient student. Bilingual programs allow such children the opportunity to become acquainted with the concepts first in their own language and then in the predominant language of this country, English. Linguists have found that the strongest way to learn a language is to have a strong base in one's native language. A child who has learned to write and read in the native language will build strong language skills. Statistics show that that the average language-minority child who is not given bilingual education is more likely to be held back one or more years in their elementary school education, and there is a direct correlation between the dropout rate, and non-receipt of bilingual education. As with practically any academic pursuit, a student’s success or failure in reading comprehension is highly dependent it seems on their cultural background. On the language in which classroom materials are both written and spoken in, the student’s proficiency in both their first and second languages, and on the cultural content of the classroom materials. Likewise, a student’s ... ... the ability to choose, just as everyone else has. To conclude, language goes hand-in-hand with culture, and a student’s success in learning a new language is directly dependent on their willingness to take on new cultural behaviors. A student who is well grounded in his or her own native language is much more likely to succeed in a largely English-speaking academic environment. Bilingual education programs give the student the opportunity, and the desire to become acquainted with a new culture and a new language. This makes them much more likely to succeed academically once they are out of school, and have taken their places as adults in society. Bibliography: Works Cited Anzaldua,Gloria. â€Å"How To Tame A Wild Tongue.† The Norton Reader.Eds. Peterson, Linda H., John C. Brereton, and Joan E. Hartman. New York:Norton & Company, 2000. 537-542 Rodriguez,Richard. â€Å"Aria.† The Norton Reader. Eds. Peterson, Linda H., John C. Brereton, and Joan E. Hartman. New York:Norton & Company, 2000. 531-536 Tannen,Deborah. â€Å"Conversational Styles.† The Norton Reader.Eds. Peterson, Linda H., John C. Brereton, and Joan E. Hartman. New York:Norton & Company, 2000. 545-550

Apush Frq Essay

1763 was the year that the forever changed the relationship between the American colonies and their mother country, Great Britain. This year was not only the year when the French and Indian War finally came to an end with the Treaty of Paris 1763, but was the also the beginning of the many changes that Britain imposed on the colonies. Following the war, Britain, in an attempt to tighten its control over the colonies, and raise money, pursued new mercantilist policies, leading to colonial resentment.The Proclamation of 1763 was issued in this year, and was the first of the long list of acts and grievances that the colonists had against Britain. 1763 was an important turning point in American history, because it was the point in which the results of the French and Indian war and underlying tensions caused the British to dramatically change their colonial policies. This sudden change in the British attitude, directly led the colonists to their first thoughts of rebellion, and was essent ially the cause of the eventual American Revolution.For a long time, even before the start of the French and Indian War, France and Britain had been in war. The series of conflicts, King William’s War, Queen Anne’s War, and King George’s war were all fought between France and Britain over land in America. In the French and Indian War, the main reason behind the conflict was also land-this time, specifically over the rich Ohio River Valley. The French initially laid claims to the Ohio River Valley, but the English were expanding into that area.Another important factor in this war, were the Native Americans of that area, who lived there and wanted to establish a presence as traders there. While most Native Americans sided the French, the most powerful native group, the Iroquois Confederacy allied with the British. The beginning of the war started when the VA government sent a militia under Geroge washingotn to challenge French expansion. Washington created Fort Ne cessity, and attacked the French Fort Duquesne, where he suffered an easy defeat.Following this, a conference of delegates met in Albany to negotiate a treaty wtith the Iroquois to help fight the war. Ben Franklin created the Albany Plan of Union which called for a colonial federation for defense against the Indians. But none of the colonies agreed to this, as it took away too much of their independence. Although there was no colonial support of the this plan, it was still an important precedent for the concept of uniting it the face of a common enemy. In this first phase of the war, there was very little British help.But with the shift into the second phase, Fernch and Indian War became an internation conflict (becoming the 7 Yrs War). In the third phase of the war, English started to be successful in their battles, and the war finally ended with the siege of Quebec, with the English as victors. With the Treaty of Paris 1763, France loses all of its land in America, and the Britain ’s territory nearly doubles. But although Britain gained much land, the debt of the war is staggering. Because of this huge amount of debt, Britain couldn’t continue to impose salutary neglect on the colonies.Salutary neglect was the policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws, such as the Navigation Acts. 1763, was the year when Britain just couldn’t afford to continue salutary neglect. Following the war, Britain realized that there needed to be a major reorganization of the American empire. The British also wanted the colonists to pay for some of the war costs, in return for Britain protecting them during the war. Americans refused to pay it, and Britain therefore started to strictly impose the Navigation Acts.Because of the victory, American colonists start to feel confident, and less dependant on Great Britain. Therefore, since the British continued to keep troops on the American frontier, even when there was no need, colonists started to fee l very resentful. Britian was also angry at the colonists for their minimal contribution to the war effort. The colonists didn’t wholeheartedly support the far, and traded with the French during the war. All of these factors combined caused an intense amount of resentment between the colonists and the British.This is important, because the colonists are finally united in their resentment towards the British. Following the war, many English colonists started to settle westward onto the new lands that the Treaty of Paris of 1763 brought. But although the French threat was gone from this area, the Indians still remained. In this year of 1763, an Ottawa chief, Pontaic, organizes an alliance of several tribes to revolt against the English expansion. The Indians attack several fots, stage uprisings and kill many of the British and colonists. The British retaliate by spreading small-pox infested blankets to the Indians.In order to stop more of the Indian attacks, the government then issued the Proclamation fo 1763, which drew a line along the Appalachain mountains, and forbade the any settlement west of that line. Instead of viewing the Proclamation as a way to protect the colonists, they see it instead as a control issue. The colonists believe that the British are only trying to get them to stay near the Atalantic Seaboard to control them easier. So colonists ignore the Proclamation, and still expand beyond that line. This Proclamation caused an even greater push to rebellion.

John Adams essays

John Adams essays John Adams was born in Braintree, now called Quincy, Massachusettes on October 30, 1735. He graduated from Harvard College in 1755, where he ranked fourteenth out of a class of twenty four people. Adams was the first vice-president and served under George Washington, our first president.Later in 1797, John Adams became our second president serving from 1797 to 1801 with his vice-president being Thomas Jefferson. Adams was the first president to reside in the White House, and the only chief executive whose son served as a president. John was the oldest son of John and Susanna Adams. They lived on a farm in Braintree where John had a deep connection for the family farm. When he was only sixteen years old, he attended Harvard College and graduated with a law degree. In 1758, he began to practice law and met many people who would later influence him as leaders of the Massachusettes Colony. In 1764, John married a lady named Abigal Smith, who he had been seeing for three years. She was the daughter of a minister and together they had five children. In 1818, Abigail passed away after fifty-four years of marriage. On April 30, 1789, John Adams took office as the first vice-president under the authority of George Washington. Adams served for eight years as vice-president even though he often thought it was the "most insignificant office that ever the invention of man contrived". In 1796, John won the presidental electon and was ignagurarted on March 4, 1797 at Federal Hall, Philidelphia. He served only one term, losing in 1800 to Thomas Jefferson. At the age of sixty-six, Adams moved back to his Massachusettes farm where he spent the last twenty-five years of his life. Even though he never participated in the public life again, he took great pleasure in the career of his son John Quincy Adams, who became president in 1824. John Adams died on July 4, 1826, which was the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Decl...

Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan The Great Man

Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan The Great Man Executive summary Leadership refers to the act of mobilizing people to pursue a mutual goal. Kouzes and Posner devised five practices that define an excellent leader. According to them, an excellent leader sets the way for his or her employees.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan: The Great Man specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Besides, the leader encourages employees to pursue a common goal, challenges organizational processes, empowers the employees, and inspires them to pursue the set goals. Sheikh Zayed is an exemplary leader who many people admire. During his tenure as the leader of the Eastern region of Abu Dhabi and the United Arab Emirates president, he mobilized people to improve the economic status of the Emirates. Sheikh Zayed went to the extent of sacrificing a number of privileges that his family enjoyed encouraging people to participate in developmental projects. Le adership assessment Competition in the business world is prompting organizations to conduct leadership assessment as a way of identifying and nurturing their future executives. As the majority of the baby boomers retire, organizations are turning to identifying various talents in their employees and working to prepare the employees to assume future leadership of the organization (Day, 2000). Organizations use different leadership assessment models based on the nature of the organization and the leaders they require. One of such leadership assessment models is MICEE, which is an abbreviation for Model, Inspire, Challenge, Enable, and Encourage.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to the model, an effective leader identifies the business strategies, inspires employees to pursue the strategies, challenges the employees, and gives them the capacity to work in thei r different areas (Kouzes Posner, 2007). Furthermore, the model asserts that an effective leader encourages employees to continue working hard. This paper will use MICEE model of leadership assessment to evaluate Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan’s leadership. The main reason why the paper uses this model is that it is easy to remember and remarkably comprehensive. The model identifies leadership qualities that are easy to remember when evaluating a leader. Besides, the identified qualities comprise of the factors that contribute to organizational growth. Hence, if a leader possesses all these qualities, his or her organization is sure of succeeding. Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Sheikh Zayed was born in 1918 and assumed his grandfather’s name. In 1966, he was elected to rule the Emirate of Abu Dhabi. This marked the beginning of his leadership, which culminated with him becoming the president of the United Arab Emirates in 1971. He held this position until his de ath in 2004. His experience in the desert with the bedu tribesmen led to him initiating an afforestation program, which helped to stop desertification. Besides, he worked hard to ensure that his people have access to quality education, health, and social services. During his tenure as the president, UAE made significant development in oil, communication, and non-oil industries (Kechichian, 2010). He achieved this by encouraging people to work towards reviving economy of their country. Other achievements included building indoor skiing city in the desert and building the highest tower in the world. Sheikh Zayed was influential not only in UAE but also in the entire world. Through his leadership, UAE became popular and respected internationally. Messages of condolences delivered by numerous international figures displayed his influence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan: The Great Man specifically for you for only $1 6.05 $11/page Learn More His political policies were entrenched in Islamic religion and he maintained that people had a voice in steering leadership of the country. To establish strong ties with other nations, Zayed made sure that UAE played a role in humanitarian aids across the globe. The use of national revenue to lay infrastructural development demonstrated his determination to change the country from a desert to an economic hub. Besides, he encouraged all people to participate in environment conservation programs. Despite his success, Sheikh Zayed encountered numerous challenges such as changing the global perception that majority of the terrorists came from UAE (Kechichian, 2010). Below are photos of Sheikh Zayed and the UAE. Assessment of Sheikh Nahyan leadership According to Kouzes and Posner (2011), a leader is effective if he or she is capable of setting the pace for others to follow, mobilizing his or her staff to pursuing a common vision, and challeng ing the processes that an organization follows. Moreover, an effective leader is capable of equipping staff with requisite skills to pursue organizational goals. For Zayed to be an effective leader, he ought to meet all the qualities set out in IMCEE model.Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sheikh Zayed and MICEE Model Kouzes and Posner (2007) posit that an effective leader models the way for his or her subject to follow. A leader can hardly model the way without confirming his or her values. The leader then strives to inculcate these values in the minds of employees. To marshal support from the workforce, the values ought to be in line with organizational goals and vision (Valda, 2003). Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan gained popularity because of his ability to model the way and to marshal his people to help in economic development of their country. Determination to help the people of the United Arab Emirates started while Sheikh Nahyan was still young. He accompanied the bedu tribesmen to the desert to study how his people live and environmental factors that inhibit their ability to develop economically. The time he spent in the desert made him understand the importance of conserving the environment and promoting economic diversification (Kechichian, 2010). During his reign as president, he worked towards helping the UAE establish other sources of revenue rather than depending entirely on oil and gas. Inspire A leader cannot succeed without drawing all people towards a common vision. Bommer, Rubin and Baldwin posit, â€Å"To inspire a shared vision, a leader requires envisioning the future by imagining and believing in an exciting, highly attractive future for the organization† (2004, p. 197). Leaders need to be certain that they have the capacity to make the envisioned future a reality. Once leaders identify the latent future of their countries, they need to recruit their followers into a mutual vision that would help to make the future a reality. Leaders have to do it a manner that makes their followers realize that they are conscious of their interests (Dorfman Howell, 1997). The main reason why Sheikh Zayed managed to help UAE gain its glory was his capacity to mobilize people behind a common vision. After assuming leadership of t he Eastern region of Abu Dhabi, he abolished confrontation in decision making and installed a system that promoted consensus and consultation (Kechichian, 2010). Sheikh Zayed positioned himself as a person that had an unambiguous vision for his people and led them in pursuing the vision. One of the remarkable initiatives that he started in Al Ain was to revive the agricultural economy. He helped to clean water channels and, at one point, he participated in construction of new water channels without considering the exhaustive labor (Kechichian, 2010). Challenge Leaders require challenging the existing processes to make significant progress (Kouzes Posner, 2007). No leader can achieve organizational growth by maintaining the status quo. Leaders need to look for possible innovation, improvement, and growth to challenge the existing processes. One can achieve this by paying attention to customer feedback, taking heed to advices from clients, and accommodating employee opinions (Druskat Wheeler, 2003). In addition, leaders need to monitor their environment to identify novel processes, products, and services. Taking a risk to implement the identified processes would go a long way towards helping the organization increase its revenue. Sheikh Zayed sought to challenge the existing process by reviewing the region’s water ownership rights. According to Sheikh Zayed, equal supply of water would help increase acreage of cultivation in the region. To set an example, he relinquished the family’s rights. The initiative contributed to increase in revenue for people living in Al Ain (Kechichian, 2010). Eventually, the city became a dominant market for the whole of the United Arab Emirates. Apart from reviewing the water ownership rights, Sheikh Zayed also conducted a tree planting campaign in the region. Kechichian states, â€Å"Today, Al Ain is the greenest city in Arabia† (2010, para. 6). Enable Organizational success depends on teamwork. Hence, organi zational leaders ought to enable other staffs to act on organizational goals (Kouzes Posner, 2007). They attain this by promoting teamwork and building trust. Moreover, coming up with modalities that help employees to pursue organizational goals would aid in achieving the goals (Snow, 2001). As the UAE president, Sheikh Zayed believed in human capital as the ultimate source of economic empowerment. Hence, he used the Emirate’s resources to develop human capital. He believed that people were the main source of wealth and, therefore, both men and women required getting educated. Indeed, he helped women in the country to acquire leadership positions (Kechichian, 2010). Encourage Once a leader lays down strategies that empower cohorts to pursue organizational goals, he, or she acts in ways that inspire the cohorts (Kouzes Posner, 2007). For instance, the leader ought to acknowledge contributions that the employees make and to reward them according to their performance. Moreover , a leader may encourage the followers by establishing a system that promotes public recognition of employees that perform. This would encourage all employees to work in line with the established organizational values (Riggio Reichard, 2008). Sheikh Zayed encouraged the young generation to assume leadership positions in the country to continue witnessing the development their parents initiated. To set an example, he encouraged his sons to assume leadership in government institutions. Besides, when young men complained about unemployment in the country, Sheikh Zayed gave them jobs in the agricultural sector, â€Å"so that they might learn the dignity of work† (Kechichian, 2010, para. 9). Recommendation Based on research, communication plays a significant role in promoting organizational growth (Druskat Wheeler, 2003). Besides what Sheikh Zayed did to succeed in improving the economic status of UAE, one would require embracing communication. Through communication, a leader wo uld identify challenges affecting employees and organization in general; therefore, address them before they become severe. One would recommend other business people to set standards for their employees. Setting a standard for each employee encourages a healthy competition among the employees. In return, it promotes organizational growth since employees strive to meet their targets. Conclusion Kouzes and Posner posit that an effective leader models the way for his or her staff, inspires the staff to pursue a common vision, and challenges organizational processes. Moreover, they argue that an effective leader enables and inspires staff to work towards realization of organizational goals. Sheikh Zayed helped the United Arab Emirates achieve significant economic growth during his reign as the leader of the Eastern region of Abu Dhabi and the president. He led by setting examples and encouraging his people to participate in projects that promote economic development. Besides, he made su re that people gain adequate skills to help them assume leadership positions in the country. References Bommer, W., Rubin, R. Baldwin, T. (2004). Setting the stage for effectively leadership: Antecedents of transformational leadership behavior. Leadership Quarterly, 15(2), 195-210. Day, C. (2000). Effective leadership and reflective practice. Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 1(1), 113-127. Dorfman, P. Howell, J. (1997). Leadership in Western and Asian countries: Commonalities and differences in effective leadership processes across cultures. The Leadership Quarterly, 8(3), 233-274. Druskat, V. Wheeler, J. (2003). Managing from the boundary: The effective leadership of self-managing work teams. The Academy of Management Journal, 46(4), 435-457. Kechichian, J. (2010). Shaikh Zayed: The making of a great leader. Web. Kouzes, J. Posner, B. (2007). The Leadership Challenges (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Kouzes, J. Posner, B. (2011) . The Five Practices of Exemplary Leadership (2nd ed.). New York: Pfeiffer. Riggio, R. Reichard, R. (2008). The emotional and social intelligences of effective leadership: An emotional and social skill approach. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(2), 169-185. Snow, J. (2001). Looking beyond nursing for clues to effective leadership. Journal of Nursing Administration, 31(9), 440-443. Valda, U. (2003). What constitutes effective leadership?: Perceptions of magnet and nonmagnet nurse leaders. Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(9), 456-467.

Free Essays on Literature

There are many pieces of literature that are different from one another yet, each contains some of the same language and qualities. This is the case with Richard Connell’s â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber,† and Thomas Wolfe’s â€Å"The Child by Tiger.† Each piece is different from the next but, each share a few common themes such as irony and a personality change for the characters. In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† a worldly, experienced hunter (Mr. Rainsford) winds up on another hunter’s island and becomes the hunted. This is ironic because he is usually the hunter. Being as the other hunter, General Zaroff is as experienced as he is; all of his tricks are easily discovered and leave Mr. Rainsford fighting for his life. He was previously cynical and brushed off any comments other people made about the animals feelings or thoughts. However, the personality change comes when he is being hunted and starts to realize true fear for his life like his previously hunted had felt. He then knew what it felt like to run and hide for his life. â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber† follows a hunter, and a husband and wife on a hunting excursion. While attempting to hunt a Lion, Mr. Macomber cowers and runs from the Lion, fearing for his life and living the hunter to kill his prey. On the next day’s outing, after successfully hunting some buffalo, Mr. Macomber has a complete personality change when he feels a sudden rush of not fearing anything anymore. This is the first time in his life that he feels no fear. Ironically, however, while being braver then the others and attempting to get a second shot at one of the buffalo, he is shot by his wife. The Ironic part about this is the fact that his wife was the one person he never feared. Wolfe’s â€Å"The Child by Tiger,† however, was slightly different from both of the previous works. While it hold... Free Essays on Literature Free Essays on Literature There are many pieces of literature that are different from one another yet, each contains some of the same language and qualities. This is the case with Richard Connell’s â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† Ernest Hemingway’s â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber,† and Thomas Wolfe’s â€Å"The Child by Tiger.† Each piece is different from the next but, each share a few common themes such as irony and a personality change for the characters. In â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game,† a worldly, experienced hunter (Mr. Rainsford) winds up on another hunter’s island and becomes the hunted. This is ironic because he is usually the hunter. Being as the other hunter, General Zaroff is as experienced as he is; all of his tricks are easily discovered and leave Mr. Rainsford fighting for his life. He was previously cynical and brushed off any comments other people made about the animals feelings or thoughts. However, the personality change comes when he is being hunted and starts to realize true fear for his life like his previously hunted had felt. He then knew what it felt like to run and hide for his life. â€Å"The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber† follows a hunter, and a husband and wife on a hunting excursion. While attempting to hunt a Lion, Mr. Macomber cowers and runs from the Lion, fearing for his life and living the hunter to kill his prey. On the next day’s outing, after successfully hunting some buffalo, Mr. Macomber has a complete personality change when he feels a sudden rush of not fearing anything anymore. This is the first time in his life that he feels no fear. Ironically, however, while being braver then the others and attempting to get a second shot at one of the buffalo, he is shot by his wife. The Ironic part about this is the fact that his wife was the one person he never feared. Wolfe’s â€Å"The Child by Tiger,† however, was slightly different from both of the previous works. While it hold... Free Essays on Literature American Literature: Prose, fiction and nonfiction of the American colonies and the United States, written in the English language from about 1600 to the present. This literature captures America’s quest to understand and define itself. For its first 200 years American prose reflected the settlement and growth of the American colonies, largely through histories, religious writings, and expedition and travel narratives. Fiction appeared only after the colonies gained independence, when the clamor for a uniquely American literature brought forth novels based on events in America’s past. With a flowering of prose in the mid-1800s, the young nation found its own voice. By then fiction had become the dominant literary genre in America. In the early 1800s America faced a difficult challenge: how to create its own culture. Calls for an American literature began during the Revolution and became more frequent and urgent as independence was assured. Over the course of the 19th century the country progressed from an agricultural economy concentrated on the Eastern seaboard to an industrialized nation that spanned the continent. With the dramatic changes in the nation came dramatic changes in its literature. When the century opened, only a handful of novels had been written, but by mid-century American fiction rivaled the best in the world. Biography and history remained strong; religious writing, on the other hand, had substantially declined in importance. B American Romanticism During the late 1700s and early 1800s, romanticism was the dominant literary mode in Europe. In reaction to the Enlightenment and its emphasis on reason, romanticism stressed emotion, the imagination, and subjectivity of approach. Until about 1870 romanticism influenced the major forms of American prose: transcendentalist writings, historical fiction, and sentimental fiction. B1 Transcendentalism Like romanticism, transcendentalism rejected both 18t...

Workplace Motivation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Workplace Motivation - Case Study Example Mitsubishi Motors is the leading car manufacturer operating on the global scale. During 1990s, the company experienced problems with workers motivation which influenced productivity level and product quality. The main sources of resistance were lack of skills and low morale, low personal commitment and fear of technological changes (Mitsubishi Motors 2007). The corporation has to deal with motivation from the standpoint of the environment, that is, the various kinds of rewards and pressures within which people operate at work. Also, the corporation pays attention to motivation from the standpoint of the individual himself: his needs and purposes and how he acquires them. In order to increase productivity, Mitsubishi Motors develops new management strategies based on intrinsic motivation. As the most important, they underline manager's role in motivation and commitment. The key to a productivity-motivated workforce is a supervisory style which enhances the workers' proprietorship of their jobs. Management has too often approached the problem negatively, by depriving workers of control in order to forestall stoppages and goldbricking. Mitsubishi Motors pleads for a positive approach, for delegating this control in order to make the satisfactions of self-discipline possible (Scheuer, 2000). The morale changes occurred after men begin to think of themselves as belonging to a group. Part of the bargain is a worker's passive acceptance of any method that management might choose for organizing his work, even if this meant fragmenting his job to the point of tedium and regulating it to the point of puppetry (Scheuer, 2000). As a result, the men feel that they are important rather than taken for granted; each man knows that the group's record would suffer if he slackens, and most are determined not to let this happen. It is important to note that productivity is the goal, and control is merely one of several possible means to achieve it. The way to achieve the greatest profit is to remove the artificial impediments to productivity rather than to impose a regulatory system, no matter how tidy. A consistent record of excellence would then become a matter of personal pride rather than a meaningless exertion for somebody else's gain. The key to linking the individual's most pote nt aspirations to the goals of his company is his membership in a group which participates in its own management -- a group in which the role of the supervisor is changed from that of an enforcer or overseer to that of an expediter, an information giver, and above all an ego supporter. (Robbins, 2002). Security in the past and fear of change are another problems faced by Mitsubishi Motors. The 1990s were marked by technological and information changes, so many workers were afraid of negative consequences of these improvements. For a worker, the principal advantage of the old system is that he knows it well; it is at least predictable and that, for him, is not a small advantage by any means. He will not welcome change, but he is not likely to resist it very much, either. He considers resistance useless, and besides, he expects that in the long run all systems will work out about equally for him. Mitsubishi Motors introduces extensive training programs for assembly workers (off-job and on-job training). Also, the company proposes financial benefits for

Human Nature and Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human Nature and Psychology - Essay Example Naturally, human beings are ever considered as the source of norm of conduct or the creatures that define their ways of life and resenting constrains and obstacles of leading or living a virtuous life. Human nature has been evolving since time in memorial. Each historic era is usually defined by distinct characteristic of human nature as well as the psychological concepts. However, since the human generation moves from one era to another, they tend to shade off some defining human characteristic of a given era while moving to other era. Nonetheless, some of the characteristics are carried into the new era. Therefore, the nineteenth century and twentieth century are defined by some similarity and differences in the conceptions of human nature and psychology. Similarities and Differences The end of the nineteenth century was marked with numerous developments that led to rejection of Victorian principles. The Victorian age was marked by shift an agricultural society to an industrial soc iety. The period was as well defined by the decline in traditional religious beliefs and adoption of moral aesthetic. However, they retained the literature values maintaining that the literature would enable them understand and perfectly adapt to the newly founded society (Jeeves, 2006). It means both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had same literature but remarkable, different economic activities and religious beliefs (Gopal, 2008). Some novelists defined the subsequent change in a society that marked the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century as a breaking down social structure. They intensively talked about social mares and expressed their topic on realism. According to Darwin, human is an animal creature that is conditioned by influences that are beyond his or her control; thus, human being is devoid of free, moral choice or will. In other words, human is a creature that usually shaped by external factors such as environment, hereditary, and immedia te circumstances pressure. Considering Darwin’s view, though there was a change in both industrial and social life of human nature they both shared some characteristics (Stevenson, 2007). Putting Lewontin work in perspective, as a population geneticist of the nineteenth century, he argued that human species are highly varied in their genes than within racial population. He further noted that racial identity features that include hair, color of the eye, and skin color are more aligned to adaptation that is clearly defined by geographical conditions among other factors (Gopal, 2008). This nineteenth century psychological reasoning overlaid the basic genetics of commonality among the human species. In relation to genetics and human commonality, the psychologists of the twentieth century did not argue much but rather used more sophisticated machine to examine and understand human genes. The contributions of Lewontin limited the applicability of Jensen’s IQ testing between different races. Jansen used conversational racial groups to compare the IQ scores to come to the proof of genetic difference between racial groups (Jeeves, 2006). However, Lewontin dismissed the claims that the consistent difference in genetics lies in the differences in the brain within races. He added that if Jensen could not provide any further evidence, then IQ also was also influenced different physical environment or social.

International Trade Law Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Trade Law Assignment - Essay Example At the apex is the Ministerial Conference, with many types of councils, committees and specialized working groups working toward the goal of helping producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers conduct their business. The WTO manages its primary objective of helping trade between nations by: administering trade agreements, acting as a forum for trade negotiations, settling trade disputes, reviewing national trade policies, and by assisting developing countries in trade policy issues through technical assistance and training programs and cooperating with other international organizations. With over 150 members, each representing diverse economic and cultural background, the desire is not to create a trading system. The WTO manages to do this through consensus. Trade agreements are a result of negotiations between member nations must be ratified by members parliaments. These agreements clearly outline the rights and obligations and ensure a smooth and fair trading system. Through these agreements, the WTO helps decrease trade barriers. The general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT) was formed after the secound world war in 1947. It was singed by 23 countries. This purpose of GATT was to dismantle the high protectionist barriers that were then in existence and had incresed since the war (Gillingham 2002). The main objectives of GATT included the elimination of quotas, the gradual reduction of tariffs, the elimination of non-tariff trade barriers and equality between member countries. GATT was mostly numerous series of negotiations rounds. These mainly focused on the reduction of tariffs. Here the GATT was very successful, in only eight negotiation rounds it was able to reduce tariffs from 40% to below 4%. The later negotiations focused also on anti-dumping and non-tariff measures. The negotiations round in Punta del Este in Uruguay 1986 was to become the starting block for The World Trade Organisation (WTO), it later became known

The Operation Desert Storm and its Impacts on the Middle East Essay

The Operation Desert Storm and its Impacts on the Middle East - Essay Example The entire term of the war along with the operative measures inclusive of all the technology applied in the process together was titled ‘Operation Desert Storm’ and the central figure placed as the dearest target was the leader of the mightier side. Studies have all been on for finding the real picture of the war and its motives. However, the best known result of the toughest war was seemingly a discovery of diplomatic interventions to spearhead the shuffling of the history and socio-economic definitions of the ‘oil-rich regions in the middle-east’ (Bacevich 2009, p. 106). This essay is presented with an aim to focus on the realities of the most dreadful war of the recent past and critically evaluate the political and socio-economic changes the war has thereupon imposed on the Middle East region. The storm of the rich deserts in the middle-eastern Asia started all when the Iraqi quest for expansive imperialism set surveillance over the well-filled Kuwait for its wealth and the capture of its sovereignty (Hunsberger & Finn 1997, p. 62). The seemingly tiny nation was all meant a rich resource for crude oil and natural gases, and as a result, it was not surprising that it turned out to be Iraq’s soft target by the end of 1980s (Carlson 1992). However, as references say, a war can break out between countries when one of them eyes on the other for economic, political or security concerns which generally aims at claiming the supremacy over the target nation (Karsh 1990). As such, the war of the desert was a demolitionist approach of a mightier country over a seemingly unarmed country for indirectly seizing the economic liberty of its own supporters that eventually led to the violent demonstration of power and the political unity of countries that feared equal threats as the US from Iraq (US History, n.d.). The details of the war though cannot be described in a few lines, the outbreak and the expanse of this strike was the revelation o f unforeseen weapons and war tactics from all the parties involved in it. What all the history could mark eventually was the immediate ‘war-booting’ arrangements of political combinations and instantaneously changing diplomatic facets of the neighbors alongside the development of the war (Burr & Richelson 2001). In the best form of historic evaluation, it can be stated that it was a war that was centered on one man and the trials of the allies that tried to capture his kingdom - Iraq and its president Saddam Hussein. When one tries to see the Gulf War as a reflection of rivalry between two princely provinces, there ends the research for reasons or outcomes as the matter can be obviously related to egos (El-Najjar 2001). But the end of the Iraq-Kuwait war was literally the beginning of a political flu that ran its impacts through the nerves of all the parties that involved in the war. The oil-rich regions of the Middle East has always been the target of global business m onitors for their abundance in resources that substantiate the growth with the demand for their products is a sure hot cake in the trade (Tetreault, n.d.). All the studies on the importance of the wealth of this region in the world politics and economy have one thing in common to refer – wars are for gains, not for losses to allies. In addition to oil, even the miniscule sample of regional and religious issues of this region was capable of attracting the economic giants of the West (Gitlin 2009, pp.17-18). The wars in general is seen by some authors as the failure of administrative system that aimed at things beyond the public welfare of the subjects where the caretakers became aimless opportunists who ran in pursuit of their regal charms by calling for the assumed security of foreign might that resultantly led to endless political instabilities

Film coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Film coursework - Essay Example The most interesting aspect of Braudy and Cohen’s Film Theory and Criticism (6th edition), is the discussion of the female characters and their context in the Horror films (Braudy & Cohen, 2004 p36). The argument presented here is that; despite the presentation of women under a problematic image, â€Å"the audience reaction may either subvert it or undercut it† (Braudy & Cohen, 2004 p27). The idea is interesting in the sense that, the argument indicates that despite showing women as bad in the Horror film, people are not likely to buy the idea, or even if they would want to do it, they will still undermine the bad image as portrayed by the film, or at least weaken the seriousness of the bad image presented about women, in their interpretation (Storrs & Tyrrell, 2008 19). There are several reasons that can underline this argument. First, women are believed to be members of the weaker gender, according to gender stereotypes. Therefore, their image in the minds of the peop le, mostly the audience, is that of weak individuals, who are not directly confrontational and harmful, meaning that they are always subject to being dominated over by their male counterparts (Merrell, 1985 p23). This being the case, it therefore becomes very hard to convince the minds and the perception of the people that women are capable of being extremely dangerous and harmful, as could be painted by the bad image about them in the Horror movie. While it is observed and generally agreed that women are capable of many things, including being evil and capable of causing harm to others, it is still not convincing that they are extremely harmful, to the extent of fitting into the bad image portrayed in the Horror movies (Eberwein, 1979 p44). Therefore, people will tend to either undermine the bad image that is portrayed of them, or at least weaken its seriousness. Secondly, the feminine notion has always painted women as the victims, rather than the culprits or the oppressors (Barsa m, 1976 p12). This makes it extremely difficult to persuade the minds of the audience that women are capable of causing the extreme harm associated with horror films, since such is expected to have them as the victims. Therefore, any portrayal to the contrary cannot easily persuade the mind of the audience (Andrew, 1989 p37). Despite the Braudy and Cohen’s argument being crafted back in the year 2004, it has its true applicability well beyond the foreseeable future. To conclude, a question arises; what can the future Horror film makers learn from the Braudy and Cohen’s theory, regarding women’s role in the horror film? The future convincing power of the Horror film is locked in the portrayal of women as the victims, and not the contrary. Piece of Work Two: The scene Analysis In this analysis, through applying the semiotic theory, I shall analyze the post wedding scene in the Me, Myself & Irene (2000) film, where Charlie (Jim Carrey), has just wedded Layla (Trayl or Howard), in a wedding ceremony attended by his colleagues, who are state police officers of Rhodes Island (Jacobs, Farrelly, Cerrone, Farrelly & Carrey, 2000 p68). After their marriage, Charlie and Layla are ferried in a limousine by a dwarf black American driver, Shonte (Tony Cox), who is offended by Charlie’

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics - Assignment Example The sense of and compliance with the principles of ethics is what makes man superior to all living creatures. The most convincing ethical system is utilitarianism. It is â€Å"probably the basic moral philosophy of most nonreligious humanists today’’ (Harris, 2002, p. 119). Utilitarianism suggests that in any situation, one should adopt that course of action that maximizes the utility for all of the sentient beings. An action that is generally considered objectionable in normal circumstances might be the right course of action in a particular situation because the context and situation might be equally different and unique. One needs to see what is the requirement of a given situation and in what potential ways can the maximum utility of a decision can be achieved in a positive way. Nevertheless, there is a certain level of subjectivity in this process that is difficult to avoid. This involves concerns about whether one should maximize the average, or the sum of the to tal utility. In addition to that, the utility of future beings also needs to be taken into account. In any case, the only factor that one should care about is maximizing the utility. The fundamental principles of ethics are maintenance of discipline and decorum and spread of mental as well as physical well-being. According to web.mnstate.edu (2012), there are four fundamental principles of ethics, namely the principle of beneficence, respect for autonomy, nonmalefience, and justice. The principle of beneficence obliges us to take such measures that make our actions good. This means that we should make effort to prevent others from harm. Nevertheless, adoption of this principle often involves us into a conflict with the respect of others’ autonomy. We are ethically obliged to have reverence for others’ autonomy so that their decisions regarding their lives are respected. It is the fundamental principle of human dignity. The principle of respect for autonomy deters us fr om interfering in the competent adults’ decisions and assigns us the responsibility of empowering others. The principle of nonmalefience instructs us not to harm others. In cases where it is not possible to avoid the harm altogether, we are ethically obliged to minimize the harm. Our actions should be such that more good is produced in their consequence than harm. The principle of justice requires us to give others what they deserve. Therefore, we need to consider all people equal and should deal with them impartially. The good life is that in which one never deters from getting one’s right and at the same time, always grants others their rights. An ethically good life is indeed a life that is functionally good (McKinnon, 1999, p. 69). In this world, everybody is interconnected. We have certain obligations toward others and others also have some obligations toward us similarly. To live a good life, we should neither compromise upon our own rights nor deny others their rights. If we compromise upon our own rights but grant others their rights, we essentially become selfless. Selflessness is just as harmful, if not more, for the quality of life as selfishness is. If we always get our rights

The Operation Desert Storm and its Impacts on the Middle East Essay

The Operation Desert Storm and its Impacts on the Middle East - Essay Example The entire term of the war along with the operative measures inclusive of all the technology applied in the process together was titled ‘Operation Desert Storm’ and the central figure placed as the dearest target was the leader of the mightier side. Studies have all been on for finding the real picture of the war and its motives. However, the best known result of the toughest war was seemingly a discovery of diplomatic interventions to spearhead the shuffling of the history and socio-economic definitions of the ‘oil-rich regions in the middle-east’ (Bacevich 2009, p. 106). This essay is presented with an aim to focus on the realities of the most dreadful war of the recent past and critically evaluate the political and socio-economic changes the war has thereupon imposed on the Middle East region. The storm of the rich deserts in the middle-eastern Asia started all when the Iraqi quest for expansive imperialism set surveillance over the well-filled Kuwait for its wealth and the capture of its sovereignty (Hunsberger & Finn 1997, p. 62). The seemingly tiny nation was all meant a rich resource for crude oil and natural gases, and as a result, it was not surprising that it turned out to be Iraq’s soft target by the end of 1980s (Carlson 1992). However, as references say, a war can break out between countries when one of them eyes on the other for economic, political or security concerns which generally aims at claiming the supremacy over the target nation (Karsh 1990). As such, the war of the desert was a demolitionist approach of a mightier country over a seemingly unarmed country for indirectly seizing the economic liberty of its own supporters that eventually led to the violent demonstration of power and the political unity of countries that feared equal threats as the US from Iraq (US History, n.d.). The details of the war though cannot be described in a few lines, the outbreak and the expanse of this strike was the revelation o f unforeseen weapons and war tactics from all the parties involved in it. What all the history could mark eventually was the immediate ‘war-booting’ arrangements of political combinations and instantaneously changing diplomatic facets of the neighbors alongside the development of the war (Burr & Richelson 2001). In the best form of historic evaluation, it can be stated that it was a war that was centered on one man and the trials of the allies that tried to capture his kingdom - Iraq and its president Saddam Hussein. When one tries to see the Gulf War as a reflection of rivalry between two princely provinces, there ends the research for reasons or outcomes as the matter can be obviously related to egos (El-Najjar 2001). But the end of the Iraq-Kuwait war was literally the beginning of a political flu that ran its impacts through the nerves of all the parties that involved in the war. The oil-rich regions of the Middle East has always been the target of global business m onitors for their abundance in resources that substantiate the growth with the demand for their products is a sure hot cake in the trade (Tetreault, n.d.). All the studies on the importance of the wealth of this region in the world politics and economy have one thing in common to refer – wars are for gains, not for losses to allies. In addition to oil, even the miniscule sample of regional and religious issues of this region was capable of attracting the economic giants of the West (Gitlin 2009, pp.17-18). The wars in general is seen by some authors as the failure of administrative system that aimed at things beyond the public welfare of the subjects where the caretakers became aimless opportunists who ran in pursuit of their regal charms by calling for the assumed security of foreign might that resultantly led to endless political instabilities

Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ethics - Assignment Example The sense of and compliance with the principles of ethics is what makes man superior to all living creatures. The most convincing ethical system is utilitarianism. It is â€Å"probably the basic moral philosophy of most nonreligious humanists today’’ (Harris, 2002, p. 119). Utilitarianism suggests that in any situation, one should adopt that course of action that maximizes the utility for all of the sentient beings. An action that is generally considered objectionable in normal circumstances might be the right course of action in a particular situation because the context and situation might be equally different and unique. One needs to see what is the requirement of a given situation and in what potential ways can the maximum utility of a decision can be achieved in a positive way. Nevertheless, there is a certain level of subjectivity in this process that is difficult to avoid. This involves concerns about whether one should maximize the average, or the sum of the to tal utility. In addition to that, the utility of future beings also needs to be taken into account. In any case, the only factor that one should care about is maximizing the utility. The fundamental principles of ethics are maintenance of discipline and decorum and spread of mental as well as physical well-being. According to web.mnstate.edu (2012), there are four fundamental principles of ethics, namely the principle of beneficence, respect for autonomy, nonmalefience, and justice. The principle of beneficence obliges us to take such measures that make our actions good. This means that we should make effort to prevent others from harm. Nevertheless, adoption of this principle often involves us into a conflict with the respect of others’ autonomy. We are ethically obliged to have reverence for others’ autonomy so that their decisions regarding their lives are respected. It is the fundamental principle of human dignity. The principle of respect for autonomy deters us fr om interfering in the competent adults’ decisions and assigns us the responsibility of empowering others. The principle of nonmalefience instructs us not to harm others. In cases where it is not possible to avoid the harm altogether, we are ethically obliged to minimize the harm. Our actions should be such that more good is produced in their consequence than harm. The principle of justice requires us to give others what they deserve. Therefore, we need to consider all people equal and should deal with them impartially. The good life is that in which one never deters from getting one’s right and at the same time, always grants others their rights. An ethically good life is indeed a life that is functionally good (McKinnon, 1999, p. 69). In this world, everybody is interconnected. We have certain obligations toward others and others also have some obligations toward us similarly. To live a good life, we should neither compromise upon our own rights nor deny others their rights. If we compromise upon our own rights but grant others their rights, we essentially become selfless. Selflessness is just as harmful, if not more, for the quality of life as selfishness is. If we always get our rights